Glossary of training, corporate learning and talent management

Terms from A to Z, by topic

The definitions are general. Where Clikma is mentioned, the definition describes what the platform does today.

LMS

Learning management system: the platform where an organization publishes courses, assigns them, records progress and attendance, assesses, certifies and reports on training. Learn more

Talent management platform

A platform that brings together, in addition to learning, performance reviews, workplace climate, onboarding and people analytics, with the data connected. Learn more

E-learning

Online learning, with content that people go through at their own pace (asynchronous) or in live sessions with an instructor (synchronous).

Blended learning

A program that combines in-person sessions, live sessions and online content within the same plan.

Microlearning

Short content, a few minutes long, designed for progress in short windows of time, such as those of shift workers.

Learning path

A sequence that links several courses or modules in a set order, such as a training program by job role or an induction.

SCORM

A standard for packaging e-learning content so it works across different LMSs and reports progress, score and status. The most widely used versions are SCORM 1.2 and SCORM 2004. Learn more

xAPI

Experience API: a standard that records learning experiences as statements (“the person completed the activity”), inside or outside the LMS.

LTI

Learning Tools Interoperability: a standard for connecting external learning tools to an LMS without the person having to sign in again.

H5P

An open format for interactive content (presentations, questions, interactive videos) that can be embedded in learning platforms.

Onboarding

The induction process for someone joining the company: the stages, documents, courses and people who support them during their first weeks. Learn more

DNC

Detección de necesidades de capacitación (training needs assessment): identifying what each area or job role needs to learn, as the basis for the annual plan.

Annual training plan

The training activities planned for the year, with their hours, costs, participants and methodology, against which fulfillment is measured.

SENCE

Servicio Nacional de Capacitación y Empleo, Chile’s National Training and Employment Service: it administers the training tax incentive and the public employment and training programs. Learn more

SENCE tax incentive

An incentive under Law 19.518 that lets Chilean companies deduct the cost of training their workers from their taxes, up to an annual cap calculated on their taxable payroll. Law 21.850 lowered that cap from 1% to 0.7%. Learn more

OTEC

Organismo técnico de capacitación (technical training body): the entity that delivers courses under the SENCE tax incentive. To register, it must be certified under the Chilean standard NCh 2728. Learn more

OTIC

Organismo técnico intermedio para capacitación (intermediary technical training body): it provides technical support to its member companies and manages their training contributions, but does not deliver courses. Learn more

Bipartite Training Committee

Comité Bipartito de Capacitación: a committee of company and worker representatives, mandatory in Chilean companies with 15 or more workers, that takes part in the training program.

Clave SENCE

The personal password a person uses to identify themselves to SENCE; in e-learning courses with the tax incentive, it records the start and end of each of the participant’s sessions.

UTM

Unidad Tributaria Mensual (monthly tax unit): an indexed unit of account used in Chile to set tax amounts, such as the brackets and caps of the SENCE tax incentive.

NCh 2728

The Chilean quality management standard for technical training bodies; certification under it is a requirement for an OTEC to register with SENCE.

Karin Law

Law 21.643, in force in Chile since August 1, 2024, on the prevention, investigation and punishment of workplace harassment, sexual harassment and violence at work. Learn more

DS 44

The decree that regulates the preventive management of occupational risks in Chile; it requires every employer to provide prevention training of at least 8 hours, with verifiable records.

DC-3 certificate

In Mexico, the certificate of job competencies or skills (constancia de competencias o de habilidades laborales) with which a worker proves they passed a training course. Learn more

NOM-035

The Mexican standard NOM-035-STPS-2018 on psychosocial risk factors at work: prevention policy, identification and analysis of risk factors, and information for workers. Learn more

SG-SST

In Colombia, the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo), which includes a training program for all levels of the organization. Learn more

Performance review

The periodic process in which each person’s work is evaluated, usually by goals and competencies, with a feedback conversation.

90°, 180° and 360° review

The scopes of a performance review: 90° is the manager only; 180° adds the self-assessment; 360° also includes peers and direct reports.

9-box matrix

A three-by-three grid that plots each person’s performance against their potential, used in talent reviews and succession plans.

Calibration

The joint review of performance results among managers, so that criteria are comparable across teams.

Competencies

The knowledge, skills and behaviors a job role requires; they are defined in the job profile and used to evaluate people and to plan training.

KPI

Key performance indicator: a quantitative measure of the achievement of a goal.

Workplace climate

How people perceive their work environment; it is measured with surveys organized by dimensions. Learn more

Pulse survey

A short, frequent survey to find out how a team is doing between one climate measurement and the next.

eNPS

Employee Net Promoter Score: the percentage of people who would recommend their workplace minus the percentage who would not, on a scale from 0 to 10.

CSAT

Customer Satisfaction Score: a measure of satisfaction; in training, the satisfaction participants express with a course or program.

Sentiment analysis

Automatic classification of open-ended comments by tone, to read thousands of responses without reviewing them one by one. Learn more

Transfer survey

A survey, usually answered by the manager, that indicates whether the person applies on the job what they learned in a training course. Learn more

Four levels of training evaluation

A classic model, associated with Kirkpatrick, that measures reaction, learning, application on the job and results. Learn more

AI roleplay

Practicing a conversation (a sale, a complaint, a leadership conversation) with an artificial intelligence character that responds and gives feedback. Learn more

Command Center

Clikma’s indicators and dashboards module, with more than 150 ready-to-use indicators that cross-reference training, talent, platform usage and email. Learn more

HRIS

Human resources information system: the system where the company keeps its employee roster and employee data, and which an LMS integrates with.

SSO

Single sign-on: people access several applications with the same company credentials, managed by an identity provider. Learn more

SAML 2.0

A standard for single sign-on between an identity provider and an application.

LDAP

A protocol for querying user directories, which some companies use to authenticate their people.

MFA

Multi-factor authentication: in addition to the password, the person confirms their identity with a second factor, such as an authenticator app.

API

Application programming interface: the way two systems exchange data automatically. Learn more

SFTP

Secure file transfer protocol, used to send automated data uploads, such as the employee roster, between systems.

SaaS

Software as a service: the provider runs the application in the cloud and the company uses it by subscription, without installing it.

Multi-tenant

A platform in which several companies share the application, each with its data kept separate and its own configuration and branding. Learn more

SLA

Service level agreement: the provider’s commitments on availability and response times. Learn more

ISO/IEC 27001

The international standard for information security management systems; its Annex A groups the controls into organizational, people, physical and technological controls. Learn more

NIST CSF

The Cybersecurity Framework of the US NIST; version 2.0 organizes cybersecurity into six functions: govern, identify, protect, detect, respond and recover. Learn more

Law 21.719

The Chilean law that amends Law 19.628 on personal data, creates the Personal Data Protection Agency (Agencia de Protección de Datos Personales) and expands people’s rights. Learn more

WCAG

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines; level AA is the one organizations usually require so that their platform can be used by people with disabilities.